分离式双圆形隧道衬砌对平面SH波的散射          下载免费PDF全文

徐平  铁瑛  夏唐代 《地震工程学报》2008,30(2):145-149

采用波函数展开法,将入射、散射和折射SH波的位移势函数展开成Fourier-Bessel函数的级数形式,根据Graf加法定理,得到了任一局部圆柱坐标系下的波场势函数的表达式.根据隧道衬砌与周围岩体都在界面处应力和位移连续及衬砌内边界完全自由的边界条件,得到了分离式双隧道衬砌对入射平面,SH波的多重散射问题的理论解.通过数值计算分析得出:入射频率、衬砌间距、衬砌与围岩的模量比及衬砌的厚度等是影响衬砌内侧的无量纲位移和动应力集中因子分布的重要因素,为双衬砌或多衬砌的地震评价提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

动三轴试验机轴向摩擦解决的研究          下载免费PDF全文

王平  王兰民  刘红玫  董海峰 《地震工程学报》2008,30(1):46-48,55

介绍了20 kN动三轴试验机机械工作原理,分析了该仪器轴向摩擦力的产生原因,提出了解决办法并加以具体实施.  相似文献   

地震动态应力触发研究进展   总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

张彬  杨选辉  陆远忠 《地震工程学报》2008,30(3):298-303

本文从以下几方面阐述了近几年来地震动态应力触发的研究进展:地震动态应力触发问题的提出;地震动态应力触发存在的证据(包括地震频度图中探寻被触发震群和独立地震、数字滤波后新发现的被触发地震和形变仪器记录的同震变化和应力阶跃等);地震动态触发的研究现状和机理等.还提出了目前动态应力触发研究中存在的问题,并对其近期的发展进行了展望.  相似文献   

Reprint of “Multi-step and two-step experiments in heterogeneous porous media to evaluate the relevance of dynamic effects”     

H.-J. Vogel  A. Samouëlian  O. Ippisch 《Advances in water resources》2008

The determination of hydraulic properties in non-stationary experiments is suspected to be affected by dynamic effects. This is based on thermodynamic considerations on the pore scale displacement of wetting and non-wetting phase. But also macroscopic heterogeneities at the continuum scale may influence the dynamics of water during drainage and wetting. In this paper we investigate both aspects. Firstly, we present the results of typical multi-step outflow experiments in heterogeneous sand columns which are compared with two-step outflow experiments covering the same pressure range. The discrepancies caused by pressure steps of different size reveal the impact of dynamic effects due to the non-stationarity of the experiments.  相似文献   

2008汶川M_s8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

滕吉文  白登海  杨辉  闫雅芬  张洪双  张永谦  阮小敏 《地球物理学报》2008,51(5):1385-1402

汶川M_s8.0强烈地震发生在一条现今并不活动的龙门山构造带上,造成了以汶川、映秀为中心及其周边地域的严重破坏和人员的重大伤亡.然而强烈震发生前却未见有可能的确切征兆或浅表层异常活动,即浅层过程与地震发生的深层过程并不匹配.为此对这次强烈地震“孕育”、发生和发展的深层过程进行了分析和探讨,初步研究表明：①在印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆—陆碰撞、挤压作用下,喜马拉雅造山带东构造结向NNE方向顶挤、楔入青藏高原东北缘,迫使高原深部物质向东流展,在受到以龙门山为西北边界的四川盆地阻隔下,一部分物质则转而向东南侧向运移;②龙门山地带在地形上差达3500±500 m左右,而地壳厚度在龙门山西北部为60±5 km左右,四川盆地为40±2 km左右,而龙门山地带与其东、西两侧相比则为地壳厚度变化幅度达15~20 km的突变地域,即为应力作用的耦合地带;③中、下地壳和地幔盖层物质以地壳低速层、低阻层（深20~25 km）为第一滑移面,以上地幔软流层顶面为第二滑移面,且在四川盆地深部“刚性”物质阻 隔下,深部壳、幔物质以高角度在龙门山构造带和四川盆地的耦合地带向上运移（或称逆冲）,且在龙门山地表三条断裂构成的断裂系向下延伸到20 km左右深处汇聚,二者强烈碰撞、挤压、震源介质破裂;在物质与能量的强烈交换下,应力得到释放,故形成了这次M_s.0强烈地震.为此从深部初步揭示了这次强烈地震“孕育”、发生和发展的深层动力过程.  相似文献   

Behaviour of deep immersed tunnel under combined normal fault rupture deformation and subsequent seismic shaking   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ioannis Anastasopoulos  Nikos Gerolymos  Vasileios Drosos  Takis Georgarakos  Rallis Kourkoulis  George Gazetas 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(2):213-239

Immersed tunnels are particularly sensitive to tensile and compressive deformations such as those imposed by a normal seismogenic fault rupturing underneath, and those generated by the dynamic response due to seismic waves. The paper investigates the response of a future 70 m deep immersed tunnel to the consecutive action of a major normal fault rupturing in an earthquake occurring in the basement rock underneath the tunnel, and a subsequent strong excitation from a different large-magnitude seismic event that may occur years later. Non-linear finite elements model the quasi-static fault rupture propagation through the thick soil deposit overlying the bedrock and the ensuing interaction of the rupture with the immersed tunnel. It is shown that despite imposed bedrock offset of 2 m, net tension or excessive compression between tunnel segments could be avoided with a suitable design of the joint gaskets. Then, the already deformed (“injured”) structure is subjected to strong asynchronous seismic shaking. The thick-walled tunnel is modelled as a 3-D massive flexural beam connected to the soil through properly-calibrated nonlinear interaction springs and dashpots, the supports of which are subjected to the free-field acceleration time histories. The latter, obtained with 1-D wave propagation analysis, are then modified to account for wave passage effects. The joints between tunnel segments are modeled with special non-linear hyper-elastic elements, properly accounting for their 7-bar longitudinal hydrostatic pre-stressing. Sliding is captured with special gap elements. The effect of segment length and joint properties is explored parametrically. A fascinating conclusion emerges in all analysed cases for the joints between segments that were differentially deformed after the quasi-static fault rupture: upon subsequent very strong seismic shaking, overstressed joints de-compress and understressed joints re-compress—a “healing” process that leads to a more uniform deformation profile along the tunnel. This is particularly beneficial for the precariously de-compressed joint gaskets. Hence, the safety of the immersed tunnel improves with “subsequent” strong seismic shaking!  相似文献   

Investigation of dynamic response of masonry minaret structures     

Adem Dogangun  Ramazan Acar  Halil Sezen  Ramazan Livaoglu 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(3):505-517

Almost all historical minarets in Turkey were constructed using cut stone, masonry blocks or combination of these two materials. The structural and geometrical properties of each masonry minaret, or slender tower structure, depend on many factors including the structural knowledge and applications at the time of construction, experience of the architect or engineer, seismicity of the region, and availability of construction materials in that area. Recent earthquakes in Turkey have shown that most masonry minarets in high seismic regions are vulnerable to structural damage and collapse. In this study, in order to investigate the dynamic behavior of historical unreinforced masonry minarets, three representative minarets with 20, 25, and 30 m height were modeled and analyzed using two ground motions recorded during the 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce, Turkey earthquakes. The modal analyses of the models have shown that the structural periods and the overall structural response are influenced by the minaret height and spectral characteristics of the input motion. The dynamic displacement and axial stress time histories are computed at the critical points on the minarets. During recent earthquakes, most minaret failures occurred above the base of the structure. Consistent with the observed response, the largest stresses were calculated at the same location.  相似文献   

Considering dynamic soil structure interaction (SSI) effects on seismic isolation retrofit efficiency and the importance of natural frequency ratio   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Edward H. Stehmeyer  III  Dimitris C. Rizos   《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(6):468-479

This paper utilizes and expands on existing coupled BEM–FEM (finite element method) methods for the investigation of the effects of soil structure interaction (SSI) on both an un-retrofitted and seismically isolated typical bridge structure. A simple numerical model of the bridge and surrounding soil is formulated and excited by an earthquake excitation. Utilizing Newmark's β FEM solution method along with the closed form B-spline BIRF method, the structural damped period, composite damping ratio, pier relative displacement, and base shear demand are monitored. From these results, the effects of SSI on this structure are identified. Additionally, the importance of the relative rigidity between the soil-foundation system and the bridge structure is also investigated. The results of the studies indicate that the response of the complete structure system considered is affected by the inclusion of SSI effects. Furthermore, the efficiency of the isolation measures designed using fixed base conditions is decreased by considering SSI over a certain relative rigidity range that is quantified using the structure to soil-foundation natural frequency ratio.  相似文献   

2008汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程和动力学响应   总被引：48，自引：17，他引：31       下载免费PDF全文

滕吉文  白登海  杨辉  闫雅芬  张洪双  张永谦  阮小敏 《地球物理学报》2008,51(5)

汶川Ms8.0强烈地震发生在一条现今并不活动的龙门山构造带上,造成了以汶川、映秀为中心及其周边地域的严重破坏和人员的重大伤亡.然而强烈震发生前却未见有可能的确切征兆或浅表层异常活动,即浅层过程与地震发生的深层过程并不匹配.为此对这次强烈地震"孕育"、发生和发展的深层过程进行了分析和探讨,初步研究表明:①在印度洋板块与欧亚板块陆—陆碰撞、挤压作用下,喜马拉雅造山带东构造结向NNE方向顶挤、楔入青藏高原东北缘,迫使高原深部物质向东流展,在受到以龙门山为西北边界的四川盆地阻隔下,一部分物质则转而向东南侧向运移;②龙门山地带在地形上差达3500±500m左右,而地壳厚度在龙门山西北部为60±5km左右,四川盆地为40±2km左右,而龙门山地带与其东、西两侧相比则为地壳厚度变化幅度达15～20km的突变地域,即为应力作用的耦合地带;③中、下地壳和地幔盖层物质以地壳低速层、低阻层(深20～25km)为第一滑移面,以上地幔软流层顶面为第二滑移面,且在四川盆地深部"刚性"物质阻隔下,深部壳、幔物质以高角度在龙门山构造带和四川盆地的耦合地带向上运移(或称逆冲),且在龙门山地表三条断裂构成的断裂系向下延伸到20km左右深处汇聚,二者强烈碰撞、挤压、震源介质破裂;在物质与能量的强烈交换下,应力得到释放,故形成了这次Ms8.0强烈地震.为此从深部初步揭示了这次强烈地震"孕育"、发生和发展的深层动力过程.  相似文献   

京津冀地区井水温度的数字化观测及其地震前兆监测效能的评估   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵文忠  车用太  刘成龙  牟凤香 《地震》2006,26(4):121-128

较为系统的分析了北京、 天津、 河北地区井水温度观测现状及年、 月、 日不同层次上的动态特征, 及其在相关的地震前兆监测中发挥效能的可能性做了宏观的评估。 评估结果表明, 74.7%井的水温观测正常运行, 58.6%的井在地震中期或中短期的前兆监测发挥效能, 67.8%的井在地震短期前兆监测发挥效能, 41.2%的井在地震短临前兆监测中有可能发挥一定效能。 文中还提出了进一步发挥井水温度观测监测效能的若干建议。  相似文献